Malaria: una enfermedad milenaria que sigue matando a miles cada día

MALARIA EL ASESINO SILENCIOSO Mariano Tovar

[{"selector":"#anim-668bd6ae-6290-4e86-b3c6-0e83a3a5386e [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.8620689655172413)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e167ac56-7d8a-400f-88c3-58d927884217","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] La malaria es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por parásitos del género Plasmodium , transmitidos por la picadura de mosquitos Anopheles .

[{"selector":"#anim-2e6e86fd-b7ec-41ac-8e8e-af77d6ec9d6e [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.819672131147541)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0ee6b3c6-95d5-40d5-98f6-b31b245fe6f6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Cinco tipos de Plasmodium afectan a humanos, pero el más agresivo es Plasmodium falciparum , responsable de la mayoría de muertes.

[{"selector":"#anim-af1d5959-d917-47c3-a27c-52a2f0db215b [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(34.817460909728446%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-40e370f6-a6e0-4119-aafb-f98bec018fc0","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Los síntomas incluyen fiebre alta, escalofríos, sudoración, vómitos y anemia. Sin tratamiento, puede causar coma, fallo multiorgánico y muerte.

[{"selector":"#anim-6ac848b3-a666-4e29-9888-d5fabc1acd34 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0, 0.12345709277238391%, 0)","translate3d(0, 0%, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2cd420f0-e9d8-4008-8412-e543498f0747","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Cada año se registran más de 200 millones de casos de malaria en el mundo. La mayoría ocurren en África subsahariana.

[{"selector":"#anim-3158ec4f-4e02-42ae-840f-af6d4a056c91 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-41.19360583595515%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2699bcc5-eb1c-4da2-8b01-90f5c259dd6f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] En 2023, la malaria mató a 597.000 personas, la mayoría niños menores de cinco años. Es una de las principales causas de muerte infantil.

[{"selector":"#anim-6d540ddb-e2b0-4db9-a7f5-72b0d771979e [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(12.048422376262275%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6f8ffbe3-22b5-47a1-b398-a1b12699cf7e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] La quinina fue el primer tratamiento eficaz. Hoy se usan derivados como la artemisinina, aunque algunos parásitos ya muestran resistencia.

[{"selector":"#anim-0d306790-a733-445a-b517-02f7eaba6a0b [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.819672131147541)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ce15d951-bbb6-4bbd-b094-b0707694d4a5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] El mosquito Anopheles pica principalmente por la noche. Por eso los mosquiteros impregnados con insecticida son tan efectivos.

[{"selector":"#anim-ce6a473b-3f36-4962-8695-ee4339b86bf2 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.8849557522123894)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-85755cb3-686c-4925-85a3-34cb9d89992e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] La malaria puede permanecer latente en el hígado durante semanas o meses, provocando recaídas incluso tras el tratamiento.

[{"selector":"#anim-94461f3e-9efb-49bf-a9a5-37c236c6765d [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(63.01136341191803%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6301e80d-cae2-41b0-8dcd-674075cc9f88","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] La resistencia a los medicamentos es una amenaza creciente. En algunas regiones, los tratamientos actuales ya no son eficaces.

[{"selector":"#anim-3106465c-6eb1-4f20-b2d7-695d6ed7d1b5 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(37.85511361615982%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":8000,"fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b9df4782-e030-4067-ba4a-73e03ae77f6f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] No existe una vacuna universal. La primera aprobada, RTS,S, tiene eficacia limitada y se usa solo en algunos países africanos.

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