Troll groups target Amber Heard and other women online

[{"selector":"#anim-a4b0d529-89a3-4023-86bd-b1d4fc46273b [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.8264462809917356)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"forwards"}] Jennifer Bubel & Will Gittins TROLL GROUPS target Amber Heard and other women online

[{"selector":"#anim-0b41ce12-f723-4e06-ac80-e24848c2f3ee","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 172.31330%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-865a14b6-e732-48ed-b447-af0698d910fa [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-32.79816503323461%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] A report by Bot Sentinel shows how internet trolls target abuse towards female public figures like Amber Heard.

[{"selector":"#anim-518449d3-abd5-41f8-bf7b-fb388e0bce1d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 170.67397%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-646c7e06-b8b2-4b5d-8fd2-178f06aef44d [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-19.646860742692773%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] Study found that Twitter trolls used manipulation tactics in order to get anti-Amber Heard hashtags to trend on Twitter.

[{"selector":"#anim-158ea72b-4509-469b-bf57-4084b4e85820","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 172.31330%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ed7d0bfe-3da9-4c63-9624-cb59651e1233 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-31.249999886225726%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] Trolls used 'hashtag spamming' to boost reach, giving the impression of overwhelming negativity towards the actress.

[{"selector":"#anim-85f64465-559f-4a79-8c79-5068317a8c59","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 172.31330%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-85d199d7-d27f-418f-9891-81c9d7adc95f [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-39.26633201191737%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] Once they had got a hashtag trending, users would brag about their achievement and encourage others to join in.

[{"selector":"#anim-2d45667f-1e5c-4baa-a964-f3cb43fc3ca5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -528.05102%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bafb0e03-bbd7-43ea-850e-1302d58aa371 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.8547008547008547)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"fill":"forwards"}] They used 'copypasta' techniques - copying and pasting duplicated content - to amplify claims that Heard was lying.

[{"selector":"#anim-4de82078-8a96-4322-a769-e317b175b2bd","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cb60ba6d-3945-446d-b04d-ff22f3a88665 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-36.12668155524682%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":5000,"fill":"both"}] Trolls also harrassed and abused Heard's supporters, sending death threats and doxxing their personal information.

[{"selector":"#anim-4bd6c848-8b89-4c78-aff4-f6ea52a2105b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ff926991-c284-4648-bb56-bb562c533717 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-31.249999886225726%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] One woman was targeted by trolls who created a fake account with a photo of her deceased child.

[{"selector":"#anim-0f932efc-f304-4760-af33-ceebb6b6505f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f145a7ab-e762-405a-aec2-b5c3fe472cb1 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-31.249999886225726%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"both"}] The Bot Sentinel report analyzed tweets and found that 24% of the abusive accounts were set up in the past seven months.

[{"selector":"#anim-f8e3c78c-43f0-49da-b528-f6351dab106a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bd0d149f-c26d-4d17-8622-f673cf61d257 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.8)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":6000,"fill":"forwards"}] Hashtags included #AmberHeardLsAnAbuser and #AmberHeardLsALiar, spelled with an L instead of an I to dupe the algorithm.

[{"selector":"#anim-c0b0a167-f29f-4317-857c-8d50c44a0934","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-100%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ca1f6bf2-874c-4778-8b02-a9ae0409a2b9 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-32.01704534542558%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":4000,"fill":"both"}] Report described the abuse as "one of the worst cases of cyberbullying and cyberstalking... that we've ever seen."